LTA 1 __ Spare Parts for the Space Shuttle Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Industrial & Management	Manufacturing
Section One	College Algebra	Precalculus
Section Two	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
The availability of hardware is vital to launching Shuttles successfully and on-time. There are 250,000 unique parts on a Shuttle. Some are considered repairable line replaceable units (LRUs), and some are used only once or twice and then are replaced. The first Section of this LTA examines the Probability of Sufficiency (POS) for a fuel cell in detail. Information to find the POS for aft primary thrusters and mass memory units is given in the Faculty Notes. The second Section deals with a non-repairable part, the main landing gear tire.
Spinoff 1A - How the Change in the Number of Flights Per Year Affects the Probability of Sufficiency    Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
Spinoff 1B - How Number of Flights Per Year Changes the Total Projected Operating Time    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra

LTA 2 __ NASA Aquatics Lab Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Civil	Industrial & Management
Overloading on the second floor of an existing building due to an extra water tank is investigated. Students are expected to develop a function for the load and use it to determine adequate support. Graphing, algebra, numerical analysis, and written responses are required. The LTA involves the analysis of an elementary rational function at a precalculus level.
Spinoff 2A - Cost Analysis for NASA Aquatic Lab    Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Finite Math
Spinoff 2B - Aquatic Lab Loading    Faculty Notes	Calculus	Differential Equations

LTA 3 __ The Doppler Radar Wind Profiler: Vector Analysis of Wind Changes Affecting Shuttle Launch at The Kennedy Space Center Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Trigonometry
	Aeronautical	Space
This LTA applies vectors and the equations for rotation of axes to determine whether wind conditions would endanger a Space Shuttle if it were launched. The analysis of wind conditions leads to a recommendation that the Shuttle launch proceed, be delayed, or be scrubbed.
Spinoff 3A - A Cost Benefit Analysis of the DRWP at Kennedy Space Center    Faculty Notes	Probability & Statistics
Spinoff 3B - The Lognormal Distribution Based on an analysis Of Wind Change at the Kennedy Space Center    Faculty Notes	Probability & Statistics

LTA 4 __ Just Say "No" to Cracks in the Space Shuttle Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Materials	Mechanical
LTA 4 uses algebra and functions to analyze cracks in a structure and to make decisions about whether they imperil the structure. The LTA makes use of algebraic operations and of functions represented by graphs, tables, and algebraic formulas.
Spinoff 4A - Measuring Cracks in the Space Shuttle    Faculty Notes	Foundations
Spinoff 4B - Calculating Cracks in the Space Shuttle    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra

LTA 5 __ Toxic Waste Remediation at The Kennedy Space Center Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	Environmental Geology	Industrial & Management
	Materials
The LTA will lead the students through the process a risk assessor uses to determine if a hazardous waste site poses a threat to human health. Students will use their knowledge of dimensional analysis and scientific notation to determine if a hazardous waste site should be cleaned up. Part 3 of the LTA asks students to do a similar analysis from the perspective of linear functions.
Spinoff 5A - Functional Risk Assessment    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
Spinoff 5B - Slugging It Out    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	Probability & Statistics
Spinoff 5C - Calculating the Reference Dose    Faculty Notes	Foundations	Elementary Algebra
	Intermediate Algebra
Spinoff 5D - Using the Wide Web to Do Risk Assessment    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	Internet Assignment

LTA 6 __ Surviving in a Lunar Base Station Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Agricultural	Bioengineering
	Industrial & Management
The students will determine the growing area of food sources that will be used to generate and recycle the food, oxygen, and water needed for crew survival in a lunar base station. Students will use graphic, algebraic, and numeric methods to build mathematical models and solve this problem.
Spinoff 6A - Design of a Lunar Base Station Biomass Production Chamber    Faculty Notes	Foundations	Elementary Algebra
	Intermediate Algebra
Spinoff 6B - Developing a Biomass Production Chamber    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
Spinoff 6C - Correlation and Regression Applied To Biomass in a Lunar Base Station    Faculty Notes	Probability & Statistics
Spinoff 6D - Analysis of Biomass Production in a Lunar Base Station    Faculty Notes	Calculus	Differential Equations

LTA 7 __ Houston, We Have a Problem! __ Curve Fitting for the Spacelab Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Electrical	Systems
The students will experience a day in the life of a NASA engineer whose job is testing experiments that will be preformed in the Spacelab. This particular application involves monitoring the temperature of a power supply for a computer that will record and transmit the data from the experiments. The process of measuring the temperature involves a few steps that need to be modeled with mathematical expressions. The students will obtain data from graphs and use equations of lines to model the situation.
Spinoff 7A - Orbits Vs. Altitude Regression with TI Graphing Calculator    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Probability & Statistics
Spinoff 7B - Houston, We Have a Problem! - Curve Fitting for the Spacelab for Calculus III    Faculty Notes	Differential Equations

LTA 8 __ Space-Age Cleaning Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Chemical	Materials
	Systems
Sensitive instruments sent into space must often be kept clean before lift off by a process called purging. This process involves sending a continuous flow of air over the instruments so that no contamination from such things as dust, pollution, and chemicals can occur. Part of the purging process involves the use of portable bottles of compressed air. This LTA explores the method of determining how many of these bottles are necessary under certain conditions.
Spinoff 8A - Exploring Shuttle Preparations Crawler and VAB    Faculty Notes	Internet Assignment
Spinoff 8B - Unit Analysis    Faculty Notes	Foundations
Spinoff 8C - Pressure And Volume    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	College Algebra	Precalculus
Spinoff 8D - At What Cost? High Versus Low Pressure K- Bottles for the Space Shuttle    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	College Algebra	Precalculus

LTA 9 __ Work Sampling at the Kennedy Space Center Faculty Notes	Foundations	Probability & Statistics
	Liberal Arts Math	Industrial & Management
The LTA presents a simplified example of a work sampling study performed by the NASA engineers at the Orbital Processing Facility, Kennedy Space Center. Certain steps in the process are explored: data collection, random sampling, data presentation, determining sample size, estimating levels of accuracy, refining estimates of accuracy level and sample size. The given example is used to motivate the class discussions and to understand this type of statistical study.
Spinoff 9A - Mean, Median, Mode, Histogram, and Scatterplot with Actual Data    Faculty Notes	Probablity & Statistics
Spinoff 9B - Mean Time Spent in ihe OPF    Faculty Notes	Probablity & Statistics
Spinoff 9C - Standard Deviations of Time Spent in the OPF    Faculty Notes	Probability & Statistics

LTA 10 __ Exploring NASA's Automated Window Inspection Device (AWID) Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Trigonometry	Civil
	Materials	Mechanical
Polarized light motivates the study of vectors and provides an example of how vectors can be used to better understand a real world situation. The LTA addresses the problem of locating and evaluating defects in the Space Shuttle's windows. The LTA describes a demonstration that shows the properties of polarized light, examines the properties of vectors and vector components; and uses vectors to explain the properties of polarized light.
Spinoff 10A - Exploring How NASA's Automated Window Inspection Device Uses the Rectangular Coordinate System to Track Defects    Faculty Notes	Foundations
	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
Spinoff 10B - Analyzing The Cost Effectiveness of NASA's Automated Window Inspection Device    Faculty Notes	Foundations

LTA 11 __ Helium Transport and Usage at the Kennedy Space Center Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	Chemical	Materials
	Industrial & Management
Kennedy Space Center uses helium in a variety of different activities, including, but not limited to purging and cleaning the hydrogen system and the engines in the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Based on the system used for delivery and storage of helium at the Kennedy Space Center. this Activity poses questions that involve the Gas Laws, converting units, and working with proportions. The main aspect of this Activity that makes it intriguing is the transformation from gaseous helium to liquid helium. This requires students to calculate the volume of liquid helium for normal Kennedy Space Center usage.
Spinoff 11A - Newton's Law of Cooling and Heating: Vaporization of Liquid Helium    Faculty Notes	Calculus & Differential Equations
Spinoff 11B - The Combined Gas Law    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra

LTA 12 __ Mission Control: We Have Energy Savings Faculty Notes		Liberal Arts Math
		Industrial & Management
Recent developments have led NASA to examine energy savings at their Cape Canaveral Air Station facilities. Study of energy use and savings depends on knowledge of numerous energy measurements including kilowatt hours and window to wall ratios. Agreement is needed between the contractors performing the energy projects and the government paying for the projects. Establishing baseline data for energy use is an important step in reaching agreement.
Spinoff 12A - Finding the Rate of Return for Energy Saving Investment    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	Calculus & Differential Equations
	Liberal Arts Math
Spinoff 12B - Fitting a Sine or Cosine Curve to NASA Energy Use Data    Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Trigonometry
	Liberal Arts Math
Spinoff 12C - Rocket Spies: Codes and Rockets in the 1950s and 1960s    Faculty Notes	Liberal Arts Math

LTA 13 __ It Ain't Heavy, It's my Crawler Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	Civil
This project will allow students to apply what they have learned about using formulae, calculating volumes, and conversion of units in order to solve an actual application on which NASA engineers worked.
Spinoff 13A - Don't Tread On Me    Faculty Notes	Foundations
Spinoff 13B - Wait a Moment for the Shear fun of it all    Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Calculus & Differential Equations

LTA 14 __ Space Vehicle Hold Down and Release Mechanism Design Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Mechanical
This LTA describes controlled release mechanisms, CRMs, used during launch at the Kennedy Space Center. Restraining force vs. displacement curves are investigated. CRM designs are illustrated and compared to their respective force/displacement profiles. (The drawing of the CRM and the force/displacement profiles were done by Eric Thaxton and others at the Advanced Systems and Analysis Division at Kennedy Space Center.) A polynomial curve fitted to typical data provides an example of a CRM force/displacement Profile.
Spinoff 14A - NASA Launch Vehicle Calculations    Faculty Notes	Foundations
Spinoff 14B - Force Versus Displacement    Faculty Notes	Calculus & Differential Equations
Spinoff 14C - Analyzing Graphs    Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus

LTA 15 __ Population Size Matters: Formulating a Mathematical Model for Scrub-Jay Population at the Kennedy Space Center Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Probability & Statistics
	Environmental Science
As part of NASA's policy to "protect, preserve, and enhance Kennedy Space Center's unique natural environment," the population of the Florida Scrub-Jay is continually being monitored. This LTA uses that population as a basis for describing methods of developing a mathematical model that can be used to represent the behavior of a real phenomenon. Specific methods include visual inspection of graphs, the use of calculators or computer software to obtain the coefficient of determination R2, and the feasibility of future forecast values. Specific models include linear, quadratic, exponential, power, and logistic regression equations.
Spinoff 15A - The Capture-Recapture Method    Faculty Notes	Foundations
Spinoff 15B - Florida Sand-Jay Populations & Habitat    Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Probability & Statistics
Spinoff 15C -Population Models with Recursive Equations    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Finite Math	Liberal Arts Math

LTA 16 __ The Space Shuttle Landing Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
	Aeronautical	Space
The purpose of this LTA is to produce a mathematical model of the Space Shuttle's runway approach. There are three phases to this approach. The first and last are linear approaches with different slopes. The middle phase must create the transition from one linear phase to the next. Version I models the middle phases with an exponential function; Version II uses a linear function. Students should finish with a piecewise linear function that approximately models the runway approach.
Spinoff 16A - Modeling The Space Shuttle Landing: The Cubic Spline    Faculty Notes	Calculus & Differential Equations
Spinoff 16B - Modeling The Space Shuttle Landing: The Circular Pull-Up    Faculty Notes	Calculus & Differential Equations
Spinoff 16C - Knots and Machs    Faculty Notes	Foundations

LTA 17 __ Ground Tests of the Computer Start-Up Systems for the International Space Station Faculty Notes	Finite Math	Liberal Arts Math
	Electrical
	Space	Systems
The LTA begins with an introductory section that describes the International Space Station and the importance of hardware and software testing for the computer systems on the Station. The second section of the LTA leads students through the process of setting up a computer systems test using logic and truth tables. Students are required to interpret the results of their truth tables and report the results of their tests in a well-written format.
Spinoff 17A - The Internal Thermal Control System (ITCS) in the United States Lab    Faculty Notes	Finite Math	Liberal Arts Math
Spinoff 17B - Simulation to Test the Electrical Power System    Faculty Notes	Finite Math	Liberal Arts Math

LTA 18 __ Launching into the Future Faculty Notes	Liberal Arts Math
	Industrial & Management
In order to refurbish and redesign the Firing Room (thereafter to be called Operational Control Room or OCR) in the Launch Control Center (LCC), students will participate as members of both a specific Research Team and a Design Team. The Design Teams will be composed of members from each Research Team. Team members will need to participate fully in a creative, dynamic, flexible process. By using mathematical and personal skills, they will create and present: Prototype designs for the System Engineer Consoles, Console Support Modules and Peripheral Housing; Main floor layout; Coordinated color scheme for the OCR; Material cost summary.
Spinoff 18A - Space Exclusion Versus Inclusion    Faculty Notes	Foundations
	Probability & Statistics	Liberal Arts Math
Spinoff 18B - Creating a Scaled Room Design    Faculty Notes	Foundations

LTA 19 __ NASA Under the Sea: The Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
	Space	Bioengineering
The LTA can be used as an introduction to physics topics for students who have little science background. In it the students are given an introduction to the Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station, which is designed to mimic some aspects of space missions underwater. Students are asked to study problems relating to the differences in pressure when building and working in an underwater structure.
Spinoff 19A -Bubbles    Faculty Notes	Elementary Algebra	Intermediate Algebra
Spinoff 19B - Designing the Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station    Faculty Notes	Foundations
Spinoff 19C - Designing the Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station    Faculty Notes	Calculus & Differential Equations

LTA 20 __ Plants in Space: A Statistical Analysis of Biological Processes at the Kennedy Space Center Faculty Notes		Probability & Statistics
		Bioengineering
A simplified analysis of experiments designed by NASA scientists at the Advanced Life Systems laboratory, Kennedy Space Center is presented. These experiments were performed by middle and high school students in both the United States of America and the Ukraine in conjunction with experiments performed on the Orbiter Columbia (mission STS-87). Examples are used to motivate class discussions and to understand what is involved in the statistical analysis of biological experiments.
Spinoff 20A - What's the Equation?    Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus
Spinoff 20B - What's My Curve?    Faculty Notes	College Algebra	Precalculus

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